Cuba’s Population Declines, Ending 2025 at 9,434,593

Cuba ended 2025 with an estimated population of 9,434,593 inhabitants, 313,414 fewer than the previous year. As a result of a combination of negative natural growth and net migration. Which continues to be the main factor in the country’s demographic decline.

The data was presented during a press conference by the Deputy Head of the National Office of Statistics and Information (ONEI), Juan Carlos Alfonso Fraga. Also who explained that migration remains the most significant factor in the reduction of Cuba’s population. A trend the country has been experiencing since 2021. The total net migration for 2025 was -245,264 people.

During the past year, 68,064 people were born and 136,214 died. Meaning that deaths more than doubled the number of births. As a result, the natural population growth was negative, at 68,150 inhabitants.

Statistics show that for every 1,000 inhabitants, 7.1 people were born and 14.2 died. Confirming a population decline even without considering the impact of net migration.

In terms of fertility, Cuba registered, for the second consecutive year, a total rate of 1.29 children per woman. The lowest in the entire historical series that began in 1958. The crude reproduction rate stood at 0.62 daughters per woman. Below the level necessary to guarantee generational replacement.

Population aging also continued to increase. People aged 60 and over number 2,519,823, representing 26.7 percent of the total population. While the country’s median age reached 45. Villa Clara is the oldest province in the country.

The working-age population totaled 5,606,541, a decrease of 1,259,894 compared to five years ago.

According to Alfonso Fraga, the demographic decline extends throughout the entire country. Also as all 15 provinces and the special municipality registered population reductions. Although with differences between the various territories.

Regarding territorial distribution, 74.7 percent of the population lives in cities, with 7,044,773 inhabitants. While 2,389,820 people reside in rural areas. The urbanization rate declined compared to 2024, when it reached 75.1 percent.

With information from Cubadebate

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